As Ferrate (iron six) is reduced (by stealing electrons from something else) it falls back down from iron 6+ to 5+ to 4+ to 3+ (ferric iron), in the process acting as an Oxidant, then Coagulant, and finally as a Flocculent. Uniquely, Ferrate performs these three distinct treatment functions from the application of a single dose. Therefore, Ferrate has the potential to work in many water and wastewater treatment markets worldwide.
Below, please find a long but only partial list of the contaminants that Ferrate can be used to treat. This list was compiled from independent research results found in the published studies around the world. Note that we have not attempted to include efficacious dosages or the particular treatment regimen employed. For more detailed information, please lookup specific studies and results.
Pharmaceuticals
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Ibuprofen
Pesticides
- 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
- 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
- Dursban (0,0-Diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-phosphorothiote)
- EDB (Ethylene di-bromide or dibromoethane)
- Rotenone
- Silvex (Lso Octyl Ester)
Metals Removed by Potassium Ferrate in Industrial Waste Water
- Cadmium
- Chromium
- Copper
- Lead
- Phosphorous
- Zinc
Metal Cations Removed by Potassium Ferrate in Solution
- Aluminum (A1(111))
- Arsenic (As (III))
- Barium (Ba(II))
- Cadmium (Cd(III), Cd(II))
- Calcium (Ca(II))
- Cerium (Ce(l1I))
- Cobalt (Co(ll))
- Copper (Cu(II))
- Lead (Pb(II))
- Magnesium (Mg(B))
- Manganese (Mn(II))
- Mercury (Hg(II))
- Potassium (K(I))
- Silver (Ag(I), Ag(II))
- Thalium (T1(III))
- Tin (Sn(li))
Anions Removed by Potassium Ferrate in Solution
- Arsenate
- Arsenite
- Chromate (CrO4 2-)
- Molybdate (MoO4 2-)
- Phosphate (PO4 3-)
- Selenite (SeO3 2-)
- Silicate (SiO2 2-)
- Sulfate (SO4 2-)
- Sulfite (SO32-)
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)
- Bisphenol A
- Estrone (E1)
- 17b-Estradiol (E2)
- 17 a-Ethynylestradiol (EE2)
- 16a-Hydroxyestrone
- 4-Nonylphenol
- 4-tert-Octylphenol
Oxidant and Coagulant
- 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
- 1,1,2-tichloroethane
- 1,1-dichloroethane
- 1,2-dichlorobenzene
- 1,2-Dichloroethylene
- 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
- 2-Chlorophenol
- 2-Nitrophenol
- 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
- 2,4-Dichlorophenol
- Acenaphene
- Anthracene
- Bromodichloromethane
- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
- Chlorobenzene
- Dichloromethane
- Diethylphthalate
- Dimethylphthalate
- Ethylebenzene
- Hexachlorobenzene
- Nitrobenzene
- Naphthalene
- Pentachlorophenol
- Phenanthrene
- Toluene
- Trichloroethylene
Disinfectant
- Aerobic spore-bearers
- B. cereus
- Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina)
- Bryopsis sp.
- Caulerpa taxifolia
- Dasya baillouviana
- Enteromorpha intestinalis
- Eschericha coil (E. coli)
- F-specific RNA-coliphage QB
- f2 Coliphage
- Hermit Crab
- Mangrove gribbles
- Portunid Crab
- S. aureus
- S. bovis
- S. globigii
- Sea Urchin Eggs
- S. facalis
- S. fiexneri
- Sphaerotilus
- S. typhimurium
- Styela plicata
- Suplfite-reducing clostridia
- Thermotolerant coliforms
- Total coliform
Oxidation (Inorganic and Organic Contaminants)
- 1,-Diaminopropane
- 1,2-Ethanediol
- 1,2-Propanediol
- I,2,4-Butanetriol
- 1,3-Propanediol
- 2-Mercaptobenzoic acid
- 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid
- 3-Amino-1-propanol
- 3-Mercaptopropionic acid
- Acetaldehyde
- Acetone
- Alpha-Hydroxy toluene
- Ammonia
- Aniline
- Benzenesulfinate
- Chloral
- Cyanide
- Cysteine
- Cystine
- Diethylamine
- Diethylsulfide
- Dimethylamine
- Dimethylglycine
- Dimethylsulfoxide
- Ethyl alcohol
- Ethyl Ether
- Ethylene glycol
- Ferrocyanide
- Fonnic acid
- Formaldehyde
- Glycerol
- Glycine
- Glycolaldehyde
- Glycolic acid
- Glyoxal
- Glyoxylic acid
- Hydrazine
- Hydrogen sulfide
- Iminodiacetic acid
- Isopropyl alcohol
- Methionine
- Methyl alcohol
- Methylamine
- Methylhydrazine
- Neopentyl alcohol
- Nitriloacetic acid
- Nitrite
- Nitrosamines
- Methanol
- N-methyliminodiacetic acid
- Oxalic acid
- Phenol
- p-Aminobenzoic acid
- p-Hydroquinone
- p-Nitroaniline
- p-Toluidine
- Sarcosine
- Thioacetamide
- Thiodiethanol
- Thiosulfate
- Thiourea
- Thioxane
- Trimethylaldehyde
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